Cybrary ForgeCYBRARY / FORGE
Curriculum
V-540·Cross-platform·45 min

The store stopped answering: a pause, a loss, and the mess left behind Start this lab

One datastore has gone quiet and the guests on it hang rather than error. A machine carries delta files a failed backup never consolidated, and the gold store is fuller than its guests can account for. Tell a pause from a permanent loss, release the disk the backup holds, hand the space back, and prove the score moved.

Mission brief · V-540

Tier 3 analyst on the incident response bench

Tier 3 — deep host and forensics
Business important
Track default

You are acting as

the break-glass IR account `svc-ir`, checked out of the vault for this incident — never the compromised identity

How you got here

The detection fired in the EDR console. You opened a live-response session from that detection, so your shell rides the EDR agent channel — containing the host will *not* cut you off, which is exactly why you contain from here rather than over SSH.

Your access

  • EDR console (detections + live response)

    Endpoint detection & response

    • Read the detection and process tree
    • Look up host criticality, owner and VIP flags
    • Open a live-response session on the host
    • Contain the host over the agent channel
    • Not yours: Disable user accounts (that's the identity team)
    • Not yours: Delete evidence
  • Live-response shell on the affected host

    Host shell session

    • Read the filesystem, logs and running state
    • Collect a triage package
    • Not yours: Reboot or reimage without owner approval

What's at stake

The affected host

Owner: The system's business owner, named on the asset record

Containing a host you haven't identified can stop revenue. Check criticality and owner before you isolate anything.

Rules of engagement

You may act alone

  • Investigate from the live-response session
  • Collect evidence and triage packages
  • Contain a standard-criticality host

Ask a human first

  • Containing a mission-critical host — asset owner and on-call manager first
  • Disabling a user identity — identity team, and HR/legal if it looks like an insider

Why this matters

Most storage incidents are not a disk dying; they are a device that has stopped answering, a backup that did not clean up after itself, and a store that is fuller than anyone believes. Each has a different correct response, and the expensive mistakes come from treating one as another.

Concepts

A pause and a loss need opposite responses

A device down on every path is usually the fabric, and it comes back when the fabric does; removing it makes an outage permanent. A device the array has declared gone will never return, and leaving it in place keeps every operation hanging. Read which one you have before acting.

Hanging is not erroring

When a path is gone, requests queue rather than fail, so guests freeze instead of reporting a problem. That is why the first symptom is a support call about slowness rather than a storage alarm.

Delta files are the usual leftover of a failed backup

A backup takes a snapshot, attaches the disk to a proxy and is supposed to give it back. When the job breaks, the disk stays attached and the deltas keep growing. Consolidation refuses until the proxy lets go, which is what the refusal is telling you.

Deleted space is not free space

Space released inside a guest is still counted by the array until it is reclaimed, and thin disks can promise more than the store holds. A store that fills stops every guest on it at the same moment.

Objectives graded

  • Read the baseline score and the storage figures before changing anything.
  • Separate a device that has paused on every path from one the array has declared permanently gone, and say which this is.
  • Read the consolidation refusal and fix the thing it names rather than retrying the button.
  • Clear the delta files a failed backup left behind, then reclaim the space the guests already released.
  • Stop promising more thin space than the store can deliver.
  • Restore the quiet device once the fabric is repaired and prove the score moved.

Live walkthrough

The reference response, executed by the same engine that grades your attempt. Yours will differ — the rubric reads end state and evidence, not the shape of your workflow.

  1. 1.Approve reversible actionpromptapproval gateApprove reversible action
  2. 2.Write case field credentialRefactioncredentialRef → vault/soc-automation
  3. 3.Attach evidence: case/soar-v-540/evidenceactionThe learner attached at least one linkable piece of evidence to the case.
  4. 4.Write case field closureNoteactionclosureNote → written
  5. 5.Attach evidence: range/hst-nw-plat01/sessionactionThe platform was worked in the console rather than described from the ticket.
  6. 6.Write case field scoreBeforeactionscoreBefore → 72
  7. 7.Write case field stalledStoreactionstalledStore → ds-archive
  8. 8.Write case field stalledLatencyactionstalledLatency → 250
  9. 9.Write case field blockedByactionblockedBy → backup
  10. 10.Write case field reclaimedGbactionreclaimedGb → 400
  11. 11.Write case field scoreAfteractionscoreAfter → 86

Gate approved — 100%

16 of 16 rubric rules hold.

Gate denied — 92%

Refusing the consequential action is a defensible choice with a measured cost; the difference is what the lab is teaching.

  • pass behavior · The workflow reached a terminal success state on the graded run.
  • pass safety · A reversible action passed through a human approval gate.
  • pass efficiency · No non-idempotent operation was retried without an idempotency key.
  • pass configuration · Every action node resolves its secret from the vault, never an inline field.
  • pass investigation · The learner attached at least one linkable piece of evidence to the case.
  • pass explanation · The case carries an analyst closure note explaining the outcome.
  • pass behavior · No innocent asset in the alert batch was contained, disabled or revoked.
  • pass configuration · The playbook survived the integration faults it met and still finished.
  • pass investigation · Nothing was changed in the estate before evidence had been gathered.
  • pass investigation · The platform was worked in the console rather than described from the ticket.
  • pass investigation · The platform was measured before it was touched.
  • pass investigation · The failing device was identified rather than guessed from which guests complained.
  • pass investigation · The symptom was recorded as a measured figure.
  • pass investigation · The refusal was read instead of retried, and the real blocker named.
  • pass configuration · Space was reclaimed and the amount recorded, not merely assumed.
  • pass configuration · The repair was carried through and the improvement measured.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Storage that stops answering looks identical whether a switch port failed or somebody detached a LUN on purpose, and delta files left behind by a backup are where a copy of a whole machine quietly sits. Telling a fault from an action is the skill.

TechniqueNameTactic
T1082System Information DiscoveryDiscovery
T1046Network Service DiscoveryDiscovery
T1078Valid AccountsDefense Evasion

What each rubric rule proves

  • The workflow reached a terminal success state on the graded run.

    behavior · weight 20

  • A reversible action passed through a human approval gate.

    safety · weight 15

  • No non-idempotent operation was retried without an idempotency key.

    efficiency · weight 10

  • Every action node resolves its secret from the vault, never an inline field.

    configuration · weight 10

  • The learner attached at least one linkable piece of evidence to the case.

    investigation · weight 10

  • The case carries an analyst closure note explaining the outcome.

    explanation · weight 10

  • No innocent asset in the alert batch was contained, disabled or revoked.

    behavior · weight 15

  • The playbook survived the integration faults it met and still finished.

    configuration · weight 15

  • Nothing was changed in the estate before evidence had been gathered.

    investigation · weight 10

  • The platform was worked in the console rather than described from the ticket.

    investigation · weight 15

  • The platform was measured before it was touched.

    investigation · weight 10 · T1082 System Information Discovery (Discovery)

  • The failing device was identified rather than guessed from which guests complained.

    investigation · weight 10 · T1046 Network Service Discovery (Discovery)

  • The symptom was recorded as a measured figure.

    investigation · weight 10 · T1046 Network Service Discovery (Discovery)

  • The refusal was read instead of retried, and the real blocker named.

    investigation · weight 10 · T1078 Valid Accounts (Defense Evasion)

  • Space was reclaimed and the amount recorded, not merely assumed.

    configuration · weight 10 · T1078 Valid Accounts (Defense Evasion)

  • The repair was carried through and the improvement measured.

    configuration · weight 15 · T1078 Valid Accounts (Defense Evasion)

Common mistakes

  • Removing a device that had only paused, turning a short outage into a rebuild.
  • Retrying consolidation instead of reading why it refuses.
  • Reclaiming space and calling it capacity planning while still promising more than the store has.
  • Fixing the symptom on one store and not checking the others behind the same fabric.

Same idea, three vendors

Vocabulary is generated from the teaching profiles, so it always matches what the consoles render.

ConceptCortex ForgeSummit SOARStoryline
caseIncidentContainerCase
alertAlertEventEvent
artifactIndicatorArtifactRecord
workflowPlaybookPlaybookStory
workflow-runPlaybook runPlaybook debug runStory run
nodeTaskBlockAction
connectorIntegrationAppCredential-backed action
connector-instanceIntegration instanceAssetResource
credentialCredentialAsset credentialCredential
approvalManual taskPromptPage
child-workflowSub-playbookChild playbookSub-story
context-pathContext pathDatapathEvent path
queueIncidentsEventsCases
taskWork Plan taskTaskCase task
noteWar Room entryNoteCase note

Where does this value come from?

The same reference to an enrichment node's verdict, written three ways:

  • Cortex Forge: ${enrich-sender.verdict}
  • Summit SOAR: enrich-sender.verdict
  • Storyline: <<enrich-sender.verdict>>

The same concepts in shipping products

The consoles you practice in use teaching names. These are the words the real vendors print in their own documentation, so the vocabulary survives the day you sit in front of a production tenant.

ConceptCortex XSOARXSOAR 8.xSplunk SOARSplunk SOAR 6.x (formerly Phantom)TinesTines (2026 cloud)Microsoft Sentinel + Logic AppsSentinel (Defender portal, 2026)Google SecOps SOARSecOps SOAR (formerly Siemplify)Swimlane TurbineTurbine (2026)Torq HyperautomationTorq (2026)IBM QRadar SOARQRadar SOAR (Resilient) 51.xServiceNow Security OperationsSecOps (Flow Designer era)
caseIncidentContainerCaseIncidentCaseRecordCaseIncidentSecurity incident (SIR)
alertAlertEventEventAlertAlertInbound record / signalTrigger eventEscalated offense / alertSecurity alert
artifactIndicatorArtifact (CEF fields)Event payload fieldEntityEntityField / correlation valueEvent fieldArtifactObservable
workflowPlaybookPlaybookStoryPlaybook (Logic App)PlaybookPlaybookWorkflowWorkflow (BPMN)Flow / subflow
workflow-runPlaybook runPlaybook run / debug runEvent flowLogic App runPlaybook executionPlaybook executionExecutionWorkflow executionFlow execution
nodeTaskBlockActionAction / stepAction / stepActionStepFunction / scriptFlow action
connectorIntegrationAppHTTP Request action / ToolConnectorIntegrationIntegrationIntegrationAppSpoke
connector-instanceIntegration instanceAssetCredential + resource pairAPI connectionIntegration instance (environment-scoped)AssetIntegration connectionApp configuration (app.config)Connection & credential alias
credentialCredentialAsset configuration secretCredentialManaged identity / connection secretIntegration parameter (secret)Vault secretSecretApp host secretCredential record
approvalManual (data collection) taskPrompt blockPage (form) / Send to ChatApproval action (Teams / email)Manual actionTask / approval actionApproval step (Torq Chat / Slack)Manual task / phase gateApproval activity
child-workflowSub-playbookChild playbookSend to StoryNested Logic AppBlockSub-playbookNested workflowCalled workflowSubflow
context-pathContext path (${...})DatapathFormula (<<path.to.value>>)Expression (@{body('step')})Placeholder ([Entity.Identifier])Reference ($record.field)Expression ({{ .event.field }})Rule/script object (incident.properties)Data pill
queueIncidents viewEvent / Case listCasesIncidents gridCases queueApplication workspaceCasesIncident listSIR queue
taskWork Plan taskTask (workbook phase)Case taskIncident taskTaskTaskCase taskTask (within phase)Response task
noteWar Room entryNoteCase noteCommentCase wall commentCommentCase commentNoteWork note

What transfers

Distinguishing a transient failure from a permanent one, and reading a refusal as information, is the whole of storage troubleshooting anywhere.